Meanings of electron binding energy in English

RAD contains thin silicon detectors that record the ionization energy loss of energetic charged particles.

Transport physics is governed by two types of interactions, electromagnetic ( ionization energy loss) and nuclear.

The search uses the muonlike penetration and anomalously high ionization energy loss signature expected for such a particle to discriminate it from backgrounds.

Hence, armor designers look for materials with as many electrons per nucleus as possible to maximize the ionization energy pulled out of the opposing beam.

The measured ionization energies provide well-defined benchmarks for electronic structure calculations.